Apart from recording epileptic seizures, PSG with an expanded EEG montage allows for sampling of IEDs throughout the night. Figure 122-6A and B shows a recording with an extended EEG montage of an epileptic seizure, illustrating a clear evolution of activity. The advantage of VPSG over conventional PSG or EEG without video in suspected epileptic seizures is the ability to analyze stereotyped behaviors, characteristic of epileptic seizures, in association with ictal EEG activity. ![]() Malow, in Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (Fourth Edition), 2005 Suspected Sleep-Related Epileptic SeizuresĪlthough some epileptic seizures can be diagnosed on the basis of history (e.g., generalized tonic-clonic activity witnessed by a reliable observer), most events occurring frequently and suspected to be complex partial seizures are best confirmed with VPSG monitoring, especially if they include the features of thrashing, kicking, hyperventilating, head rocking, screaming, or subtle arousals from sleep observed in parasomnias or dissociative disorders. ĭissociative disorders not otherwise specified (DDNOS): Some dissociative symptoms of varying degrees but not meeting criteria for a distinct diagnosis.īeth A.Features include persistent and recurring experiences of feeling detached from one’s own body and mental processes (i.e., one observing oneself as an outsider). ĭepersonalization disorder (DPD): Also known as derealization disorder, DPD is a state in which patients believe that they have been altered in some way or that they are no longer real.ĭissociative identity disorder (DID): Formerly referred to as multiple personality disorder (MPD), patients appear to possess two (or more) distinct identities or personality states, associated with the patient’s consciousness, perception, thoughts, and actions.ĭissociative fugue (DF): DF carries the same characteristics as DA, with the distinguishing feature of sudden and unplanned purposeful travel away from one’s home.Thematic amnesia (as seen in DID and dissociative disorders not otherwise specified ): As identity states change, ability to recall specific periods of time is altered. Generalized (global) amnesia: Inability to recall one’s whole life, including personal details. 4.Ĭontinuous amnesia: Anterograde loss of memory, or inability to remember successive events as they occurred. ![]() Systematized amnesia: Inability to recall categorical autobiographical memories, but not memory loss in chronologic order such as with localized amnesia. ![]() Selective amnesia: Inability to recall parts, but not all, of a specific period of time. Localized amnesia: Inability to recall a specific (traumatic) period of time. Dissociative amnesia (DA): Loss of autobiographic memory for previous experiences or before a certain point in time.
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